Symptoms

What causes jaw pain?

Reviewed by Dr. Samuel Bacon, DDS (dentist). Last reviewed November 3, 2026.

Status: Approved

Short answer: Common dental causes include problems with the jaw joint and chewing muscles (TMD), grinding or clenching, and a tooth infection or abscess. Many jaw problems are short-lived and improve with simple care. Jaw pain with chest pressure, shortness of breath, sweating or arm pain can be a heart attack. Call 911 right away.

Common causes

  • TMD (temporomandibular disorders). NIDCR describes TMDs as more than 30 conditions causing pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint and chewing muscles. Symptoms can include jaw or face pain, limited movement or locking, and painful clicking.
  • Grinding or clenching (bruxism). The ADA notes grinding can cause jaw pain or tenderness, headaches and worn teeth. Many people do it in their sleep without knowing.
  • Tooth problems. An abscess or a cracked tooth can cause pain that spreads to the jaw.

When it's an emergency

MedlinePlus lists pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back or arms as a possible heart attack symptom, especially with chest discomfort or shortness of breath. Call 911. For jaw pain with trouble breathing or swallowing, call 911 or go to the ER. For jaw pain with facial swelling or fever, call your nearest office during office hours.

Simple care for jaw-joint pain

NIDCR recommends starting with conservative treatment and avoiding treatments that permanently change the teeth, bite or jaw. Options include:

  • Avoiding chewing gum and nail biting (ADA)
  • Using heat or cold, plus gentle jaw exercises
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers
  • Relaxation techniques

NIDCR also notes that clicking without pain is common and doesn't need treatment.

At Indy Smile Group

We check the jaw joints and muscles as part of a dental exam and look for signs of grinding or tooth problems. After an exam, your dentist will go over options, which may include a referral to another kind of doctor.

Next step

Call your nearest office during office hours. If an office is closed and you have any warning sign below, call 911 or go to an emergency room.

Frequently asked questions

Is jaw clicking a problem?
NIDCR says clicking or popping without pain is common, considered normal, and doesn't need treatment. Painful clicking or locking should be checked.

Can stress cause jaw pain?
Stress can contribute to clenching and grinding, which can make the jaw muscles sore.

Does TMD go away on its own?
NIDCR notes many TMDs last only a short time and go away. Some become long-lasting and need care.

Sources

  1. NIDCR (NIH) – TMD
  2. ADA MouthHealthy – Temporomandibular Joints (TMJ)
  3. ADA MouthHealthy – Teeth Grinding
  4. MedlinePlus – Heart Attack

Last reviewed: November 3, 2026
Reviewed by: Dr. Samuel Bacon, DDS (dentist)

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