Gum health

What are the signs of gum disease?

Reviewed by Dr. Samuel Bacon, DDS (dentist). Last reviewed November 3, 2026.

Status: Approved

Short answer: Common signs include gums that bleed easily, red, swollen or tender gums, gums pulling away from the teeth, lasting bad breath or taste, and loose teeth. Gum disease is often painless, so you may not notice it. Caught early as gingivitis, it can usually be reversed with a professional cleaning and good home care.

Warning signs

The ADA lists these signs:

  • Gums that bleed easily
  • Red, swollen or tender gums
  • Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
  • Bad breath or a bad taste that won't go away
  • Loose or separating permanent teeth
  • A change in how your teeth fit together when you bite
  • A change in the fit of partial dentures

Stages

  • Gingivitis. MedlinePlus describes red, swollen gums that bleed easily. It can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing and regular cleanings.
  • Periodontitis. Untreated gingivitis can progress. Gums pull away and form infected pockets, and bone and tissue that support the teeth can be destroyed. MedlinePlus calls periodontitis the primary cause of tooth loss in adults.

Risk factors

The ADA lists poor oral hygiene, smoking or chewing tobacco, genetics, crooked teeth that are hard to clean, pregnancy, diabetes and some medications.

Gum disease and the rest of the body

Research has found an association between gum disease and conditions such as heart disease. An association doesn't mean one causes the other.

At Indy Smile Group

We screen for gum disease at every checkup and offer cleanings and gum care at all three offices. See our teeth cleaning pages for Fishers, Carmel and North Indy.

Next step

Ready to talk it through with a dentist? Book online or call the office closest to you.

Frequently asked questions

Is bleeding when I floss normal?
Bleeding gums can be a sign of gingivitis. Keep brushing and flossing gently, and see your dentist.

Can gum disease be reversed?
Gingivitis usually can, with a professional cleaning and good home care. Periodontitis can be treated and managed.

Does gum disease hurt?
Often not, which is why checkups matter.

Sources

  1. ADA MouthHealthy – Gum Disease
  2. MedlinePlus – Gum Disease
  3. MedlinePlus – Periodontitis
  4. ADA MouthHealthy – Heart Disease and Oral Health

Last reviewed: November 3, 2026
Reviewed by: Dr. Samuel Bacon, DDS (dentist)

← Back to all articles